Scientists have created solar-powered animal cells by combining algae choloplasts and hamster cells

Scientists at the University of Tokyo have made a major discovery by creating animal cells capable of extracting energy from the sun. This achievement was made possible by incorporating chloroplasts, photosynthetic structures found in algae, into animal cells, a process previously thought impossible. The researchers believe that this new method could pave the way for innovative solutions in the development of artificial tissues, especially in low oxygen conditions.

Experience and its unique approach

The team selected the CHO-K1 cell line, derived from a Chinese hamster, as the chloroplast host because of its high receptivity to foreign materials. By using chloroplasts from Cyanidioschyzon merolae, a red algae that tolerates warmer environments, scientists have circumvented a major challenge. Unlike other chloroplasts which lose their function below 37°C, these algal chloroplasts can remain active at body temperature, making them a suitable choice for integration into animal cells.

New ground in cellular integration

For years, attempts to incorporate chloroplasts into animal cells faced a persistent obstacle: these foreign structures were generally destroyed within hours. However, the University of Tokyo team observed that, under the right conditions, these chloroplasts maintained their photosynthetic activity in hamster cells for up to 48 hours. Using sophisticated imaging techniques, they followed the photosynthetic process, showing that these chloroplasts continued to generate energy when exposed to light, an important step in cell biology.

Implications for future research

The results suggest more possibilities for the future. The researchers noted that cells containing chloroplasts showed enhanced growth, likely due to an additional energy source in the cells. This advance could pave the way for further exploration of how chloroplasts might support cell function and growth. The mechanisms underlying the interaction between chloroplasts and animal cell components remain unknown. Researchers want to understand this dynamic.

Professor Sachihiro Matsunaga, who leads the team, sees these hybrid “planimal” cells as valuable tools for advancing a more sustainable and carbon-neutral approach to biotechnology. With continued research, these hybrid cells could become a crucial element in the development of energy-saving and environmentally friendly technologies.